Isaac Claude Michaelson (Hebrew: יצחק קלוד מייכלסון; 1903 – June 16, 1982) was an Israeli ophthalmologist and member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

During World War II, he was an advisor to the British Army on ophthalmology and served in Egypt.

He was initially an advisor to the Israel Defense Forces and worked as an eye surgeon.

He was also appointed as a professor at the medical school of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Much of Michaelson's work was to assist developing countries, particularly in Africa, and in 1971 he initiated the International Conference on the Prevention of Blindness.