Isaac de Pinto

His first known published work is the Patriotic Tribute from 1747-1748, which consists of three essays in which De Pinto reflects on the public finances of the eighteenth century Dutch Republic.

In the same year, Pinto published Apologie pour la Nation Juive, ou Réflexions Critiques and sent a manuscript copy of this work directly to Voltaire.

Pinto moved to Paris, where he met with James Cockburn, Lord Hertford, Mattheus Lestevenon, David Hume[6] John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford[7] and Denis Diderot.

Then he moved to The Hague and lived in a mansion at Lange Voorhout; he and his family were invited to the palace when the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his sister Nannerl performed.

His treatise was twice reprinted, besides being translated into English by Philip Francis (politician)[9] and into German by Carl August von Struensee, the Prussian minister of finance.

One of them, Karl Marx, derisively referred to Pinto - whom he regarded as a major exponent of the free-market liberalism he criticized - as the "Pindar of the Amsterdam stock exchange" for his glorification of the Dutch financial system.