Lalayants subsequently writes that Fedoseev possessed a strong and deep mind, that he was "a man with brilliant talents both in the field of theory and practice".

[1]: 4 In the autumn of 1892, Lalayants returned to Kazan, continuing revolutionary propaganda in social democratic circles among students and young workers.

[1]: 4 Lalayants translated Engels's The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) and Kautsky's The Economic Doctrines of Karl Marx (1887).

"I personally" writes Lalayants, "was able to receive by mail directly from Dietz from Stuttgart, also in German, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State by Fr.

Thanks to some cunning Dietz (according to my warning about our customs censorship) Engels's book was skillfully woven into some 'double-entry bookkeeping' of some Schmidt, as a result of which it slipped across our border as a completely innocent thing.

[1]: 4 In January 1893, Lalayants was arrested again and deported to Samara, where he spends the first days at the apartment of former Narodnaya Volya member Nikolay Dolgov, getting acquainted with Lenin and, through him, with Alexei Sklyarenko and other local Marxists.

In this twenty-three-year-old man, simplicity, sensitivity, cheerfulness and shyness, on the one hand, and solidity and depth of knowledge, ruthless logical sequence, lucidity and clarity of judgments and definitions, on the other, were combined in an amazing way.

Together with Lenin and Sklyarenko, he conducts extensive propaganda work (mainly among students and workers in railway workshops), also against the representatives of Narodism.

Learning about the fact that Lalayants is in the "Saint Petersburg Prison for Solitary Confinement" (official name under Imperial Russia), Lenin, through the student Olga Ivanovna Chachina, establishes contact with him, sending him literature (The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov, among others).

From his words, I could conclude that in St. Petersburg, at that time, propaganda and even agitation work was quite firmly and widely established, especially among the workers of large factories; he also talked a lot about Materials for the Characterization of Our Economic Development (collection of articles), prepared for release, and about the disputes with Struve, about his relations with him.

"On the same day," writes Lalayants, "he managed to get a letter for me to one of the responsible workers in the Ekaterinoslav Railroad Administration – this is already a part of presenting me with some earnings, which was very significant for me as someone under surveillance, moreover in a completely unfamiliar city".

He takes an active role in the creation of the local League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class and in the preparations for the first congress of the RSDLP.

[1]: 6 In the early spring of 1897, Lalayants, together with Ivan Babushkin –a faithful pupil of Lenin exiled to Ekaterinoslav–, restore local Marxist circles (Lalayants leads the Ekaterinoslav "Central Social Democratic Group", and Babushkin, the workers' group) and in December 1897 unite them in one social democratic organisation called the Ekaterinoslav League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.

For three or four years, Babushkin, Lalayants, Grigory Petrovsky, Mikhail Tskhakaya, Kazymyr Adamovich Petrusevych, P. A. Morozov, and other experienced revolutionaries, under strict clandestinity, save the local social democratic organisation from failure.

[1]: 7 Comrades of Lalayants in the underground struggle characterized him as a man with great organisational talent, who managed for several years to lead the Ekaterinoslav social democrats.

[1]: 7 In March 1898, Ekaterinoslav League representative Kazymyr Petrusevych attends the first congress of the RSDLP, which forms the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

Together with Ivan Babushkin and Mikhail Tskhakaya, he conducts a struggle against the so-called "Economists" to unite local social democrats on Marxist positions.

The committee, led by Babushkin, Lalayants, Tskhakaya, and Grigory Petrovsky, educated them in the spirit of a political struggle for the fundamental interests of the working class, and directed the strike movement.

This first newspaper remained in their memory for a long time and raised the mood, as they saw that, in spite of the arrests, the activity not only did not decrease, but, on the contrary, everything became more skillful and strong".

[4][1]: 8–9 In March 1900, Lalayants Met with Lenin in Moscow and agreed on a number of issues, including the organisation of the second congress of the RSDLP abroad.

He stops at Balagansk, Irkutsk Governorate, where, thanks to the care of Lenin, he receives a passport, money, and, through Samara, Saratov and Vilna in early July 1902, flees abroad to Berlin and then Zürich.

On the other hand, quite frequent conversations with Plekhanov on various topics and the correspondence with Lenin gave me the opportunity, before being separated from living life for more than two years, in a relatively short time, to become familiar with the state of affairs, to get acquainted in detail with the direction of Iskra and their views on the program, tactics and organization".

[1]: 11 At Lenin's suggestion, Lalayants and Praskovia Kulyabko are admitted to the League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad, joining the Leninist group of assistance to the Iskra organisation.

"In the winter and spring of 1902–03," writes Lalayants, "I had several circles of self-education and propaganda, consisting mainly of Russian students, a very revolutionary and very sympathetic social democracy of the Iskra trend...".

In a letter to Plekhanov, dated 19 December 1902, Lenin expresses his concern over a member of the printing house: "Levinson[10] is threatening to leave because Lalayants was made manager of the printery and he has quarreled with him.

[1]: 12 In this difficult period for the party, Lalayants, along with Rosalia Zemlyachka, Nikolay Bauman, Elena Stasova, Maxim Litvinov, Sergey Ivanovich Gusev, Lydia Mikhailovna Knipovich, and other professional Bolshevik revolutionaries, endure on their shoulders the main burden of the struggle against the Mensheviks in Russia.

After parting till evening, I went with the proper precautions to search for the Ulyanov family, who also lived in Kiev at the time, and with whom I had not seen each other for about four years (since my talks with Vladimir Ilyich in Moscow in March 1900 about the then proposed convocation of the second congress).

I spoke in the most detailed manner about the recent events abroad, answered a number of questions asked to me in connection with my information, constantly telling me again and again the importance and the need for the speedy departure to Geneva of two members of the Central Committee, including necessarily Krzhizhanovsky.

He is undoubtedly a loyal revolutionary, who must be used despite our political differences.At the end of 1921, Lenin summons Lalayants to Moscow, showing concern for him and paying him much attention.

In a pamphlet published in Pravda, with the signature of Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova, Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, V. Vishnyak and other old Bolsheviks, it was written: "For a number of years since the beginning of the 1890s, Lalayants was one of Lenin's comrades-in-arms and friend.