Joe grew up in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where he attended Northside High School alongside Jaylin Williams, his now professional teammate.

[1] He shot 41% from three-point range in his sophomore season and committed to play college basketball at the University of Arkansas during the summer going into his junior year over offers from Alabama and Arkansas-Little Rock.

[2] As a junior, Joe averaged 18.8 points, 4.5 rebounds and 2.2 steals per game and helped lead the Grizzlies to an Arkansas Activities Association (AAA) 7A state championship and was named first-team All-State.

[3] As a senior, Joe averaged 22.8 points, 4.4 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 2.9 steals per game and was named the Gatorade Arkansas Boys Basketball Player of the Year and the State Player of the Year by USA Today as he led Northside to the state title game before eventually falling to North Little Rock High School.

[10][11] Joe was also named the 80th-best collegiate basketball player going into the 2019–20 season by CBS Sports and the 33rd-best prospect for the 2020 NBA draft by ESPN.

[23] Joe made his NBA debut on December 27, 2020, playing seven minutes and scoring two points on 1-of-2 shooting with one rebound, one assist, and one steal in a 118–94 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers.