The provincial capital is Hanga Roa.

Besides Easter Island, the province comprises the small and uninhabited Isla Salas y Gómez, located hundreds of kilometers east of Easter Island.

It is the only Chilean province located in Oceania and has a "special regime" status, with similar attributions to regional governments.

It was created in 1976, replacing the former Isla de Pascua Department.

The province includes only one commune: Isla de Pascua.