He was the second ruler of the Sur Empire which ruled parts of India in the mid-16th century.

In the battle Islam Shah came out victorious and Adil Khan fled eastwards, never to be seen again.

[2] The support some nobles had given his brother made Islam Shah suspicious, leading him to ruthlessly purge their ranks and strictly subordinate the nobility to the crown.

He continued his father's policies of efficient administration and increased centralization.

He had little opportunity for military campaigning; the fugitive Mughal emperor Humayun, whom his father had overthrown, made one abortive attempt to attack him.