The Italian Hall disaster (sometimes referred to as the 1913 Massacre) was a tragedy that occurred on Wednesday, December 24, 1913, in Calumet, Michigan, United States.

Seventy-three people – mostly striking mine workers and their families – were crushed to death in a stampede when someone falsely shouted "fire" at a crowded Christmas party.

The membership voted in favor of demanding union recognition from management and asking "for a conference with the employers to adjust wages, hours, and working conditions in the copper district of Michigan."

[8] Early in 1914, a subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives came to the Copper Country to investigate the strike and took sworn testimony from witnesses for a full day on March 7, 1914.

Eight witnesses swore that the man who first raised the cry of "fire" was wearing a button on his coat for Citizens' Alliance, an organization that opposed trade unions and strikes.

[12] In support of this, Hoagland notes that a "newspaper article at the time of its dedication mentioned safety features such as 'the ample main stairway', two fire escapes, and 'All doors open outward.

[13] The committee members visited Moyer at his hotel in nearby Hancock, shot and kidnapped him, then placed him on a train with instructions to leave Michigan and never return.

After getting medical attention in Chicago, Moyer held a press conference where he displayed his gunshot wound and promised to return to Michigan to continue the work of the WFM.

[19] The event was memorialized by Woody Guthrie in the song "1913 Massacre", which claims the doors were held shut on the outside by "the copper boss' thug men.

Historian Arthur Thurner's Rebels on the Range: The Michigan Copper Miners' Strike of 1913–1914[21] raises the possibility that there actually might have been a fire in another part of the hall, perhaps in the chimney of the building.

"[11] Death's Door: The Truth Behind Michigan's Largest Mass Murder, by Steve Lehto, first published in 2006, concludes that the culprit was most likely an ally of mine management.

[22][vague] The 2019 novel Women of the Copper Country, by Maria Doria Russell includes a fictionalized account of the event and a background of the strike.