Jérôme Martineau (March 6, 1750 – December 19, 1809) was a businessman and politician in the Province of Quebec and Lower Canada.
He later moved to Quebec City, becoming paymaster and business agent for the Séminaire de Québec.
He profited by obtaining grants of land in the seigneury of Île-Jésus near Montreal then owned by the Séminaire and later selling them.
Because not all of these dealings were legal, Martineau lost his position with the Séminaire after his actions were discovered.
He generally supported the parti canadien but opposed the bill making judges ineligible to sit in the assembly and mainly supported the English party during his final term in office.