He had the backing of his African American predecessor, Robert Church Jr, who had been driven Memphis because of Crump's legal harassment.

Meanwhile, Martin and Robert Church Jr. successfully urged labor leader A. Philip Randolph to come to Memphis to speak out against Crump's suppression of free speech.

Crump's subordinates responded by denying Randolph speaking venues by intimidating local black leaders into withdrawing invitations and shunning him.

Her reply on December 18, 1943 to Randolph read in full: "I referred your letter to a friend of mine when I received it and I am sorry it has not been answered before.

After an unsuccessful run for Cook County commissioner a year later, he won election in 1946 as a Republican to become the first African American trustee of the Sanitary District Board.

[6] Martin appointed Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe as manager of the Chicago American Giants in 1950.

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