James Roy Rowland Jr. (February 3, 1926 – April 25, 2022) was an American World War II veteran, politician, and physician who served six terms as a United States representative from Georgia from 1982 to 1995.

Rowland attended Wrightsville High School and graduated in 1943.

His education was obtained around his service in the United States Army during World War II as a sergeant from 1944 to 1946.

He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982 when he defeated fellow Democrat Billy Lee Evans, who had been tainted by a scandal of accusations of accepting illegal campaign contributions.

The J. Roy Rowland Federal Courthouse in Dublin, Georgia, built in 1935, was renamed for him.