Born in Brookfield in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Upham graduated from Harvard University in 1785.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Sturbridge, Massachusetts.
Upham was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses, and served from March 4, 1807, until his resignation in 1810.
Jabez Upham was the grandfather of Horace Gray, a Supreme Court judge.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress