With Peppers, Don Bosco won consecutive New Jersey state championships in 2010 and 2011, and was the top-ranked team in the nation by USA Today in 2011.

Peppers was named Player of the Year by MSG Varsity after his junior season with Paramus Catholic.

As a talented track athlete, Peppers set the New Jersey Non-Public Class A outdoor 100-meter dash record with a time of 10.77 seconds.

[8] As a true freshman at Michigan, Peppers appeared in three games, making one start under then-head coach Brady Hoke.

In 12 games, Peppers played a combined 986 snaps this season, with 50 coming on offense, 765 on defense, and 171 on special teams.

[18] On January 10, 2017, Peppers announced that he would be entering the 2017 NFL draft, forgoing his final two seasons of NCAA eligibility.

[20][21][22][23][24] On April 25, 2017, only two days before the draft, it was reported that Peppers received a positive test for a drug screen that was given at the combine.

The positive test was in fact due to a diluted sample, with his agent stating that Peppers drank ample amounts of water and was ill before traveling for the combine.

[25] At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Peppers was projected to be a first or second round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts.

[34] He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Browns' season-opener against the Pittsburgh Steelers and recorded four combined tackles and broke up a pass in their 21–18 loss.

[37] On December 31, 2017, Peppers recorded four solo tackles, broke up a pass, and made his first career interception as the Browns lost 28–24 at the Steelers.

[38] He finished his rookie season in 2017 with 57 combined tackles (44 solo), three pass deflections, and one interception in 13 games and 13 starts.

[40] Defensive coordinator Gregg Williams elected to move Peppers back to strong safety after the Browns traded for Damarious Randall.

[43] He finished the 2018 season with one sack, 79 total tackles, one interception, and five passes defended while being a returner on special teams.

[46] In week 9 against the Dallas Cowboys on Monday Night Football, Peppers recorded a team high 12 tackles and forced a fumble on wide receiver Randall Cobb that was recovered by teammate Antoine Bethea in the 37–18 loss.

[49] On April 29, 2020, the Giants picked up the fifth-year option on Peppers' contract,[50] worth $6.77 million guaranteed for the 2021 season.

[52] In Week 7 against the Philadelphia Eagles on Thursday Night Football, Peppers recorded his first sack of the season on Carson Wentz during the 22–21 loss.

[53] Peppers was fined $11,301 for a hit that injured quarterback Kyle Allen in a 23–20 victory over the Washington Football Team.

[54] During the game, Peppers also intercepted a pass thrown by Alex Smith, Allen's replacement, and recovered a fumble.

[56] On October 26, 2021, Peppers was placed on injured reserve after suffering a torn ACL and a high ankle sprain in Week 7.

Peppers started 15 games for New England in 2023, recording 78 combined tackles, one sack, two interceptions, and eight pass deflections.

[64] On October 9, Peppers was placed on the commissioner's exempt list, which has barred from attending both practice and games, due to him being arrested for domestic violence and possession of cocaine.

[69] His older brother, Don Curtis, died in January 2010, after being shot while standing at the counter of Lucky Joy Restaurant in Newark, New Jersey.

[72] On October 5, 2024, Peppers was arrested in Braintree, Massachusetts, on charges involving alleged domestic violence and cocaine possession.