Located in the southwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: It is the most southerly township in Noble County.

A part of the small village of Dexter City is located in far northeastern Jackson Township.

Jackson Township was originally called Olive Green Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1819 in territory then belonging to Morgan County.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.