Born near Attica, Indiana, Meeker attended the public schools.

He graduated from Union Christian College, Merom, Indiana, in 1900, and from Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1904.

While a student at Union Christian College he became pastor of a rural church in Vermilion County, Illinois.

He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1906 to take charge of the Compton Hill Congregational Church.

Meeker was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Congresses and served from March 4, 1915, until his death from Spanish flu in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 16, 1918.