Jacques-Philippe Rhéaume (May 1, 1818 – April 26, 1891) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec.

He was born in Notre-Dame de Québec, Lower Canada, the son of Jacques Rhéaume and Charlotte Jacques, was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1840.

Rhéaume served as a member of the municipal council for Quebec City from 1847 to 1861.

He resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly in 1873 after he was named an agent for the Seigneurial Commission.

Rhéaume was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1882, losing to Sir Wilfrid Laurier.