Prior to 1964, Jalrez District belonged to the Maidan alaqadari (subdistrict) of Kabul province.

[1] Due to its strategical importance geographical, Jalrez has a long history of conflict, which has capitulated since the Saur Revolution of 1978.

During the Afghan Civil War of 1992–96, the jihadi tanzims concentrated most of their efforts in the Kabul area, and there were only a few skirmishes against Wahdat and Ettehad forces in Jalrez district.

[1] According to the National Statistics and Information Authority (NSIA)’s annual survey book, the district had approximately 57,870 people in 2018-19.

Pashtuns of the Ghilzai tribal confederacy, primarily Hotak, Amarkhel and Ibrahimkhel live in the Maidan Shar and Jalrez valleys.

[1] In 2008-2010 The Ministry of Public Works was still in the process of rehabilitating 136 kilometres of the Kabul highway in the district,[6] aided by 36 million euros funding from the Italian government.

The first phase of the project, Lot No 1, began in 2008 with the rehabilitation of a 54 kilometre stretch of earth road starting in Maidan Shar and working towards the Unai Pass.