James Aloysius Byrne (June 22, 1906 – August 27, 1980) was an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1953 to 1973.

He was the senior disbursing officer of the Pennsylvania State Treasury from 1945 to 1950.

Byrne and fellow congressman Bill Green III were put together by redistricting.

He died on September 3, 1980, and was interred at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania.

[3] The James A. Byrne Courthouse in Philadelphia is named in his honor and the grand oak tree in the central courtyard at the University of Pennsylvania was renamed "Byrne's Oak".