Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie (1732 – 23 June 1775) was a British Army officer who died during the American Revolutionary War.

With this rank, he served in the French and Indian War, notably as one of General Abercrombie's aides in the Battle of Fort Carillon at Ticonderoga in 1758 before being made aide-de-camp to his successor Jeffrey Amherst in 1759.

He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1770 and joined British forces assigned to the American colonies under the command of General Thomas Gage.

On 17 June 1775, Abercrombie led his grenadier battalion in their charge of the redoubt on the Americans' left wing at the Battle of Bunker Hill.

He succumbed to his wound a week later while being cared for in the home of one of Gage's staff officers, military engineer John Montresor.