James H. Anderson is an American government official and academic who served as acting Under Secretary of Defense for Policy in the Donald Trump administration.

From 2012 to 2015, he served as dean of academics and deputy director of the Marine Corps War College.

In 2018, Anderson was nominated to serve as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities.

[4] On March 1, 2020, Anderson was selected to serve as acting Under Secretary of Defense for Policy after the resignation of John Rood.

[10] He is the recipient of several professional awards, to include the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service (November 2020).