James Armstrong (March 1, 1830, in Queensbury, New Brunswick – January 26, 1893) was a Canadian politician and farmer.

He ran in a federal by-election in 1875 in the riding of Middlesex East and lost.

He was elected in 1882 as a member of the Liberal Party representing the riding of Middlesex South.

He was the son of Thomas Armstrong and Agnes Murray, both immigrants from Roxburghshire, Scotland, and was educated in Middlesex County, Upper Canada.

Armstrong was married twice: to Jane Fraser in 1858 and to Annie McCall in 1873.