James Brenton (November 2, 1736 – December 3, 1806) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia.
He represented Onslow Township from 1765 to 1770 and Halifax County from 1776 to 1785 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly .
He was born in Newport, Rhode Island, the son of Jahleel Brenton and Frances Cranston and the grandson of Rhode Island governor Samuel Cranston.
He became a lawyer in Rhode Island and, in 1760, was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar.
His son with Rebecca, Edward Brabazon Brenton, would become a judge in Newfoundland.