Boatswain's Mate James Byrnes (born James Fisher; 1838 – February 9, 1882) was an Irish sailor who fought in the American Civil War.

Byrnes received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action aboard the USS Louisville during the Battle of Fort Hindman.

He enlisted in the Navy from New York, and was assigned to the USS Louisville.

Carrying out his duties through the thick of battle and acting as captain of a 9-inch gun, Brynes consistently showed "Attention to duty, bravery, and coolness in action against the enemy.

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