James Clifford Miller III (born June 25, 1942, in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American economist and former government official who served as chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) between 1981 and 1985 and as Budget Director for President Ronald Reagan between 1985 and 1988.

Between 1977 and 1981, Miller was a resident scholar at the Center for the Study of Government Regulation at the American Enterprise Institute.

He is a distinguished fellow at the Center for Study of Public Choice at George Mason University.

The Cayman Islands has no direct taxation although that may change as a result of an agreement with the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

The UK FCO allowed the Cayman Islands Government to borrow additional funds to meet capital and operational expenses as long as the Government agreed to look at ways in which to increase and stabilize its revenue base—direct taxation being the preferred solution.