James Carroll Robinson (August 19, 1823 – November 3, 1886) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.

He moved to Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1869 and continued the practice of law in Springfield.

He served as chairman of the Committee on Mileage (Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses).

He died in Springfield, Illinois, on November 3, 1886, and was interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

[1] This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress