He was elected to the House of Commons for Warwickshire in 1710, a seat he held until the following year, when he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Compton.
He was one of "Harley's Dozen" elevated to the Lords to support the Tory government's peace plans against strong Whig opposition.
Lord Northampton married Elizabeth, 15th Baroness Ferrers of Chartley, in 1716.
He had no surviving sons and was succeeded in the barony of Compton, which could be passed on through female lines, by his daughter Lady Charlotte, who also succeeded her mother in the barony of Ferrers of Chartley.
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