James Douglas Phinney, QC (November 17, 1844 – February 28, 1915) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada.
He represented Kent County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1887 to 1895 as a Liberal-Conservative.
He taught school for some time, went on to study law and was called to the bar in 1869.
He also served as school trustee and was a director for the Kent Northern Railway.
He was first elected to the provincial assembly in an 1887 by-election held after William Wheton resigned his seat.