James Emilius Broome (December 15, 1808 – November 23, 1883) was an American politician who served as the third governor of Florida from 1853 to 1857.

[1] Broome was born in Hamburg, South Carolina and moved to Florida in 1837.

In that same year, Governor Richard Keith Call appointed him to the position of Probate Judge of Leon County.

During his term, the Whig Party, the opposition to the Democrats at the time, controlled the Florida State Legislature.

On a visit with his son in DeLand, Florida, Broome died in 1883.