James Jackson (October 18, 1819 – January 13, 1887) was a United States Representative from Georgia, a judge advocate in the American Civil War, and a chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia.

Jackson was born in Jefferson County, Georgia and named for his famous grandfather.

After passing the bar examination in 1839, he began to practice law in Athens, Georgia.

In 1857, was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth United States Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until January 23, 1861.

He was named as chief justice of the State supreme court in 1880 and served in this position until his death.