James Kitchenman Coyne III (born November 17, 1946) is an American businessman and former politician.

He graduated from Yale University in 1968 and received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1970.

He was a lecturer at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania from 1974 to 1979 and was president of the George S. Coyne Chemical Corp., Inc., from 1971 to 1981.

After his term in Congress, he served from 1983 to 1985 as a special assistant to President Ronald Reagan and as director of the White House Office of Private Sector Initiatives, in 1985–1986 as chief executive officer of the American Consulting Engineers Council, and as president of the American Tort Reform Association from 1986 to 1988.

Coyne co-authored (with John Fund) "Cleaning House," which promoted state referendums to limit the terms of Members of Congress.