Sir James Kingston Fowler, KCMG, KCVO, FRCP (11 March 1852 – 3 July 1934) was a British physician, noted for his work at Middlesex Hospital and as an expert in diseases of the lungs.
He was admitted at King's College, London, in 1870, initially to prepare him for ordination into the priesthood, but he decided to pursue a medical career instead.
Fowler was also a member of the Senate of London University, playing a part in its reorganisation in 1900, and was dean of the faculty of medicine there.
He edited the Dictionary of Practical Medicine in 1890 and then, with Rickman Godlee, published Diseases of the Lungs in 1898.
He also received the Doctor of Science degree from Sheffield University in 1908, and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for attending on Prince Francis of Teck in 1910.