After beginning his art practice, Latham studied in Antwerp during the academic year of 1724–25, where he became a Master of the Guild of St Luke.
He returned to Dublin by 1725and may have visited England in the 1740s, as his work from this period shows the influence of Joseph Highmore, Charles Jervas, and William Hogarth.
Anthony Pasquin memorably dubbed Latham "Ireland's Van Dyck."
Several of James Latham's portraits are in the National Gallery of Ireland collection in Dublin.
In 1947, two centuries after the artist's death, the London Tate Gallery purchased Latham's portrait of Sir Capel Molyneux (ref.