James Madison Burns (August 9, 1845 – October 30, 1910) was a Union Army soldier and officer during the American Civil War.

He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of New Market Virginia on May 15, 1864.

The original medal is on exhibit at the Virginia Museum of the Civil War located on the battlefield.

[1] " William Elijah Harrison The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Sergeant James Madison Burns, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 15 May 1864, while serving with Company B, 1st West Virginia Infantry, in action at New Market, Virginia.

Under a heavy fire of musketry, Sergeant James Burns rallied a few men to the support of the colors, in danger of capture and bore them to a place of safety.