James Monroe Jackson (December 3, 1825 – February 14, 1901) was a lawyer and Democratic politician from West Virginia who served as a United States Representative in the 51st United States Congress.

His grandfather John G. Jackson had served in the U.S. House of Representatives as well as a U.S. District Judge, and earlier as a Brigadier General in the Virginia militia.

He served as a judge on the fifth circuit court from 1873 to 1888, when he resigned after thinking he was elected to the U.S. Congress in a very close race with Republican Charles Brooks Smith.

Although Jackson presented credentials as a Democratic Member-elect to the Fifty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1889, until February 3, 1890, Smith, successfully contested the election and served the final year of the term before being defeated for re-election by Democrat James Capehart.

West Virginia legislators then elected Jackson as a judge on the criminal court for Wood County, where he served from 1891 until his death.