Founded in 1970, the James Madison baseball program played at Long Field at Mauck Stadium through the end of the 2009 season.

In 2010 they opened play at Eagle Field at Veterans Memorial Park, the school's new baseball and softball complex.

Billy Sample is JMU's most famous baseball alumnus, who played in 862 career major league games with the Texas Rangers, New York Yankees, and Atlanta Braves.

The Dukes also won the CAA Championship in 2011 defeating Old Dominion University qualifying the team for the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

After a 13 year drought, the Dukes returned to the NCAA Tournament again in 2024, falling to host NC State in the Raleigh Regional final.