James McSherry (July 29, 1776 – February 3, 1849), was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Federalist member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district from 1821 to 1823.
In 1821, he was elected by the Federalist party to the Seventeenth United States Congress (1821–1823).
Defeated in his re-election bid, he returned to the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives (1824–1830; 1834 and 1835).
He died on February 3, 1849, and is interred at the Saint Aloysius Cemetery in Littlestown, Pennsylvania.
The town of McSherrystown, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of his family.