James Miller FRCSEd, FRSE (2 April 1812 – 17 June 1864) was a surgeon and medical author in Edinburgh.

He was born on 2 April 1812 in the manse of Eassie in Angus, the son of Rev James Miller (1777–1860) and Barbara Martin.

[2] During this period he lived at 51 Queen Street, a handsome Georgian townhouse in Edinburgh's First New Town.

In 1842 Miller was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh and served as President in 1860.

Their daughter, Elizabeth Gordon Miller, married Patrick Heron Watson.