James Miller Balfour (30 January 1874 – 31 July 1943) was an Australian politician in the Victorian State Parliament.
On 11 November 1913 Balfour married Katrine Elizabeth Alice Murray, with whom he had five children, three of whom survived to adulthood.
From 1921 to 1922 Balfour was Secretary of the British Australian Wool Realisation Association, and from 1925 to 1936 was Chairman of the Victorian Dried Fruits Board.
From 1931 Balfour was a dairy farmer at Willow Grove and in 1936, he won a by-election for Gippsland Province in the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the then-Country Party.
His son Jim also served in the Victorian Parliament as The Hon James Charles Balfour CBE from 1967 to 1982.