He was Commandant of Cadets and Professor of Military Science and Tactics and Mathematics at West Virginia University 1877–78.
He served in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and other points in the south between 1864 and 1871, and was then sent to the artillery school at Fort Monroe, graduating in the class of 1872.
He was then stationed successively at Plattsburgh Barracks, and Forts Jefferson and Barrancas, and, in July 1880, was assigned to the command of Battery A, Governor's Island, New York Harbor, and thence transferred to San Francisco Harbor, where he served until ordered to Battery G at Fort Munroe 1882.
Ingalls died on May 1, 1927, in Providence, Rhode Island, and is buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery, New London, Connecticut.
Author A. J. Bastarache has called Colonel Ingalls the "Father of Ballistics" for his pioneering research that contributed to America's military successes through the 20th century.
Their son, Arthur Niles Ingalls (1861–1875), also died of typhoid fever and is buried with his mother.
Their daughter, Hilda Eliza Ingalls (born September 1868 in McPhersonburg, Virginia) married Joel Randall Burrow in 1889.