James Oliphant Fraser (October 2, 1826 – February 14, 1904) was a businessman and political figure in Newfoundland.
He represented Fortune Bay in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1878 to 1885.
He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, one of ten sons and a daughter of Catherine and Donald Allan Fraser, coming to Newfoundland in 1842 when the family relocated to St. John's for Rev.
Donald Fraser to take up his post as the first Presbyterian minister in Newfoundland.
His son James Oliphant Fraser, Jr. also served in the Newfoundland assembly.