He was born on 7 December 1736 at Knowhead of Bendochy (a farm) in Perthshire the son of George Playfair (d. 1786), a farmer, and his wife, Jean Roger (d.
[1] He studied at St Andrews University and then was ordained as minister of Newtyle (1770–77) and then translated to Meigle (1777–1800).
His proposers were John Playfair (a distant cousin) and Alexander Fraser Tytler.
He is buried in Glasgow but is also memorialised on the grave of his wife in the churchyard of St Andrews Cathedral.
Their ten children included Sir Hugh Lyon Playfair.