James R. Armstrong (January 1876 – November 25, 1956)[1] was an American judge who served on the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals between 1910 and 1920.

He was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1901 and moved to Hugo, Oklahoma (then-Indian Territory) in 1904.

He was appointed to the Sixth Judicial District covering Choctaw County in 1910 and later that year was elected to the first Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.

He was Baptist, a Freemason, member of the Elks Club, and Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

[2] Armstrong died in Oceanside, California, at the age of 80, from injuries received in an automobile accident there two weeks before his death.