James Alexander Seddon (July 13, 1815 – August 19, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a Representative in the United States Congress, as a member of the Democratic Party.

Due to frail health, Seddon was educated primarily at home and became self-taught as a youth.

After graduation, Seddon settled in Richmond, Virginia, establishing a successful law practice.

Seddon attended the Peace Conference of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., which attempted to devise a means of preventing the impending civil war.

He held this post until January 1, 1865, when he retired from public life to his plantation and was succeeded by John C. Breckinridge.