James Wilberforce Longley (4 January 1849 – 16 March 1922) was a Canadian journalist, lawyer, politician, and judge.

Born in Paradise, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, the son of Israel Longley and Frances Manning, Longley received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1871 and a Master of Arts degree in 1877 from Acadia College.

In 1882, he was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for the electoral district of Annapolis County.

He ran unsuccessfully as the Liberal candidate for the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Annapolis in the 1896 election.

James Wilberforce Longley died in Halifax on 16 March 1922.