James Anderson (27 June 1842 – 16 August 1905) was a nineteenth-century professional golfer who won The Open Championship three consecutive times, from 1877 to 1879.

[4] James Anderson began caddying over the Old Course from a young age, while Allan Robertson was still alive, and took up golf around the same time.

Anderson's Open Championships victories were at Musselburgh in 1877; Prestwick Golf Club in 1878; and St Andrews in 1879.

He is one of only four golfers who have won three consecutive Opens, alongside Young Tom Morris (1868–1870), Bob Ferguson (1880–82) and Peter Thomson (1954–56).

Anderson did not compete in 1880 because the date of the tournament was set so late that he missed entry.