Jan Karel van den Broek (4 April 1814, Herwijnen, Gelderland – 23 May 1865) was a Dutch physician based at Nagasaki, in Bakumatsu period Japan.
In the Netherlands Indies he worked for a short term as physician at Cirebon, Java, after which he was appointed to Dejima, the Dutch trading post in Japan.
The Nagasaki Naval Training Center was opened in 1855 with Dutch military advisors to teach the Japanese about steam warship technology.
In 1857 he was sent back to Batavia by the Dutch Commissioner for Japan, Janus Henricus Donker Curtius, who had developed a strong dislike for the doctor.
Van den Broek returned to the Netherlands in 1859 and tried to clear his name from accusations made by Donker Curtius, in which he finally succeeded in 1859.