As with many artists, he displayed an early talent for drawing and received his first lessons from Franciszek Kostrzewski.
[1] From 1872 to 1875, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, then took private lessons at the school of battle painter Józef Brandt.
[1] His next four years were spent at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris with Jean-Léon Gérôme and Isidore Pils.
[2] He lived successively in Munich, Paris and Lausanne then, having a wife and newborn son to support, he settled in Russia in 1891, where he became a court painter to Alexander III; after the Tsar purchased his painting of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich reviewing the Polish cavalry.
[2] He is best known for battle scenes, especially from the Napoleonic Wars, but also did several works on the November Uprising prior to and after his residency in Russia.