Rzewuski finished a gimnazjum in Łódź in 1934 and between 1934 and 1939 studied chemistry in Lwów and Gdańsk.
From the start of the German occupation of Poland until 1942 he worked in the cotton industry in Łódź as an ordinary worker.
In the next two years he studied theoretical physics in a secret underground (Poles were forbidden to study past the elementary level during the German occupation) university organized by the University of Warsaw.
He received an honorary decree from University of Wrocław, the Order of Polonia Restituta, the Jurzykowski Prize in USA, the Medal of the Polish Education Commission and several awards from the Polish Minister of Education.
The Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences awarded him the Marian Smoluchowski Medal.