Jancita Eagle Deer (1952 – April 4, 1975) was a Brulé Lakota who lived on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota.

She was notable for accusing William Janklow of having raped her in January 1967 when he was a poverty lawyer and Director of the Rosebud Sioux Legal Services program on the reservation.

No charges were brought against Janklow in the alleged rape case and in 1975 he was appointed by the White House to the national board of the Legal Services Corporation.

In his memoir, Dennis Banks, an AIM founder who became involved in the case in 1974, said his review of the records showed the medical personnel said the girl was in shock.

In the fall of 1974, before the election for state attorney general, for which Janklow was the Republican Party candidate, AIM leader Dennis Banks encouraged Eagle Deer to testify to the tribal court about the rape case to try to gain justice.

Anna Mae Aquash, another high-ranking AIM member, had located Eagle Deer in Iowa, where she had gone to escape rumors about the incident.

The writer Peter Matthiessen included a statement by Banks on this issue in his book, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983).

Publication in paperback was delayed as Janklow sued both the author and publisher Viking Press for libel, but his suits were finally dismissed by the federal courts because of protection of free speech under the Constitution's First Amendment.

[1] Durham had participated in the Wounded Knee Incident on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and been closely involved with Banks and other leaders since then.

On the night of April 14, 1975, she was struck and killed by a car while on a rural road in southern Nebraska, 200 miles from home.