Founded in 1948, the group engages in advocacy on public policy issues related to the development of the Japanese economy in both a domestic and global context.

Keizai Dōyukai conducts in-depth policy studies, publishes position papers, and holds regular meetings and seminars on issues relating to the development of the Japanese economy.

The association seeks to engage with political parties, government officials, labour organizations and other economic stakeholders.

For most of the post-war period, Keizai Dōyukai has promoted a more progressive, innovative and market based economic approach to business issues in contrast to the position of country's other main corporate sponsored business associations; Keidanren and the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (日本商工会議所).

Membership of Keizai Dōyukai is by invitation and is held in an individual capacity independent of corporate affiliation.