[2] Immunization of travellers who plan to spend time outdoors in areas where the disease is common is recommended.

[4][5] Randomized control trials on JE-VAX have shown that a two-dose schedule provides protection for one year.

[3] One of them was an inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine (the Nakayama and/or Beijing-1 strain), made by BIKEN and marketed by Sanofi Pasteur as JE-VAX, until production ceased in 2005.

The other was an inactivated vaccine cultivated on primary hamster kidney cells (the Beijing-3 strain).

[7] In September 2012, the Indian firm Biological E. Limited launched an inactivated cell culture derived vaccine based on SA 14-14-2 strain which was developed in a technology transfer agreement with Intercell and is a thiomersal-free vaccine.